What Prompted Martin Luther to Take the Actions Described in the Quotation

Renaissance

"rebirth", new way of looking at the arts (new constitute interest), advances in fine art, applied science, compages, and literature

14th to 17th Century

When the Renaissance occurred

Medici Family

Supported art, influential family

HN World History Ch. 10 The Renaissance and Reformation

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Leonardo da Vinci

born 1452, Famous painter, wanted to see the earth in a new way, painted Mona Lisa, used autopsy

Humanism

Roman/Greek belief that learning would lead to a better life

Many artists were also…

Inventors, architects, and engineers

Religion/daily life/realistic

Religion was important, art portrayed daily life more accurately

Linear perspective

Used on 1D spaces to wait 3D

Shading

Helped create 3D await

Sistine Chapel

Painted by Michelangelo, completed in 1512

Human anatomy was studied by…

Artists, to make art more than realistic

Dissection

Leonardo da Vinci adept this to get a better feel for human beefcake

Life Size

Sculptures were created

Donatello

Most famous sculpture was a soldier mounted on a horse

Transition between:

Medieval and Modern Times

Pico della Mirandola

Italian thinker who captured the spirit of adventure and confidence and human abilities

Humanities

Written report of rhetoric, grammar, poesy, and history

Francesco Petrarch

humanist, had a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts, begetter of humanism, wrote Sonnets to Laura, used vernacular

When did the Renaissance begin in Italian republic?

mid 1300s, peak = 1500s

Trading contacts

Cities like Milan, Venice, Genoa, and Florence thrived bc of trade from Muslim world

Wealthy Merchants

Supported arts

Florence was a symbol of ___ _____________ _______________

the Italian Renaissance

Cosimo de Medici

Had control of Florence gov. in 1434

Lorenzo de Medici

Known as "The Magnificent", grandson of Cosimo, represented Renaissance ideal, patronized the arts

Filippo Brunelleschi

Known for the Duomo, studied Donatello's sculptures, created Dome that was inspired by the Pantheon

The Last Supper

Washed past Da Vinci, used perspective, pigment that decayed over time

Michelangelo

Sculptor/engineer/painter/ architect/poet, built-in in 1475, did sculptures: The Pieta, David, designed the Dome for St. Peter's

Raphael

Studied works of Da Vinci and Michelangelo, his paintings blended Christian and Classical styles, painted The School of Athens

Niccolo Machiavelli

wrote the Prince, described how to proceeds and maintain ability, stressed that the end justifies the means, used deceit in politics

Baldassare Castigilone

wrote The Volume of the Courtier, describes virtues and manners someone should possess

Where did the Due north. Renaissance brainstorm?

Flanders

Jan Van Eyek

Developed new ideas for using oil paints to produce stiff colors

Albrecht Durer

German painter and impress maker, known as the German Leonardo

Sir Thomas Moore

Friend of Erasmus, English humanist who pushed for social and economic reforms, executed for treason because he didn't accept Church of England

Pieter Bruegel

Flemish painter used vibrant colors to paint peasant life

Shakespeare

English poet and playwright

In Praise of Folly

Written past Erasmus, This used humor to explore the ignorant and immoral beliefs of people

Erasmus

Dutch humanist, became a priest in 1492, translated the Bible into vernacular, wrote In Praise of Folly, protested the selling of indulgences

Utopian

Describes any ideal gild

Gutenburg

Invented the printing press in mid 1439

Rabelais

French humanist/monk/dr./ Greek author, wrote in French vernacular

Johan Tetzel

In 1517, German priest who sold indulgences to rebuild St. Peter's

Leo X

"God has given the states the papacy, let usa enjoy information technology"

Martin Luther

German monk who equanimous 95 theses confronting Catholic Church, expelled from Church, believed he was a doomed sinner, rejected sacraments, permitted clergy to marry, idea that printing was God's highest act of grace, wanted Jews expelled from Christian lands

Indulgences

Pardon that lessons a soul'south time in purgatory

Luther argued that conservancy could exist gained through __________ alone.

Faith

Peace of Augsburg

This stated that the prince could decide which religion, Catholic or Lutheran, to follow

Predestination

Calvinist conventionalities that God has long agone adamant your salvation

John Knox

Started Presbyterian Church in Scotland

Lucas Cranach

Friend of Luther, court painter, painted portraits of Luther

John Hus

Follower of Wycliffe, A Czech priest who was burned at pale for heresy, believed Christians should be able to read the Bible in their own language, popular in Eastern Europe until his death

Reformation

A series of wars from 1500s- 1600s, Catholic Church attempted to combat corruption

Popes and Church building teachers led ____________ lives.

lavish

Charged fees to:

Get married or baptized

Sold Conservancy

Clergy members did this

John Calvin

taught "new ideas" abt Catholic Church, headed protestant sects, started the Calvinists

William Tyndale

translated Bible into English, opposed Henry's divorce of Catherine, executed

Jesuits

Founded schools and universities, helped poor

Thirty Years War

Devastated much of Frg in 1600s, killed 35- 40% of its people

John Wycliffe

Translated Bible into English language

1517

A total scale revolt erupted

Wittenberg, Germany

Where Luther posted his 95 theses at All Saints Church

Charles V

Summoned Luther to an assembly at Worms, Catherine of Aragon'south nephew

1524 Peasant's Revolt

Deutschland, demanded to serfdom, took up Protestant beliefs

Luther denounced ____________ ___________

social order (respect for political authorisation), nobles killed 100,000

Anabaptists

Believed only adults should be baptized, peaceful

Henry VIII'due south 1st wife

Catherine of Aragon, divorced (bc no son)

Henry VIII's second married woman

Anne Boleyn, beheaded

Henry VIII's third wife

Jane Seymour, died (during childbirth), had Edward

Henry Eight's 4th wife

Anne of Cleeves, divorced

Henry VIII's 5th wife

Catherine of Howard, beheaded

Henry VIII'due south 6th wife

Catherine Parr, survived

Henry VIII

Head of the Anglican Church, dismissed protestant views, had half dozen wives, declared anyone who accepted protestant to be burned at stake, acquired England to break from the church because he wanted a divorce

Council of Trent

Met on and off for 20 yrs., reaffirmed traditional Cosmic views

Pope Paul III

Leader of the Cosmic Reformation , strengthened inquisition

Ignatius of Loyola

Founder of Jesuits

Ghettos

Where the Jews lived in Venice

Teresa of Avila

Established a commune of strict nuns devoted to a simple life of isolation and prayer

Frances de Sales

Frenchman who brought many Protestants back to Catholicism

Book of Common Prayer

Written in English language, used by Anglican Church

Dissolution

The closing of monasteries and convents by Henry VIII, land was given to nobles

Edward Half dozen

Henry VIII'south only son, sickly, crowned at age 9, died at age 15

Act of Supremacy

Made Henry VIII the sole head of the Church of England

Thomas Crammer

Annulled Henry Viii'south union to Catherine of Aragon, supported reform, archbishop of Canterbury

The Church of England

Started by Parliament because of the king's request, immune Henry's divorce

Loyal Catholics…

Refused to take Henry as the new leader of the Church

Mary Tudor

Henry's second heir, devote Catholic, girl of Catherine of Aragon

Queen Elizabeth

Mary'south half sis, took throne after Mary, united the country, girl of Anne Boleyn, helped avert encarmine wars, replaced Latin as language of Anglican Services

Elizabethan Settlement

Modern reforms that resolved conflict between Protestants and Catholics

Henry Three

Catholic King of France, didn't similar Jews, Pope gave him the name "Defender of Faith" for denouncing Luther

Separation of Church and State

Anabaptist idea, religious tolerance

Baptists/ Amish/ Mennonites

Trace organized religion/ancestry to Anabaptists

Anglican Church

Headed by Pope, kept hierarchy of bishops/archbishops

Salvation was earned through __________ and _________ _________

religion, good works

Schools were established to…

claiming protestants

Guild of Jesus

Jesuits, spread Cosmic faith

Ignatius of Loyola

Headed Jesuits, was a missionary

Jews were required to wear a ____________ _____________

yellow badge

Pope Paul Four

Reversed lenient policy of Renaissance that restricted Jewish policies

Poland/ Lithuania/ Ottoman Empire

Where the Jews flocked to

Gravity

Single force that keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun

Hypothesis

A step in the scientific method, a possible caption

Anton Van Leewenhoek

Perfected the single- lens microscope, beginning to see bacteria/cells/microorganisms, founder of microbiology

Nicolaus Copernicus

Proposed a sun- centered model of the universe, (heliocentric), wrote On Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres

Andreas Vesalius

Came up with the get-go accurate and detailed written report of human being beefcake , published "On the Structure of the Human Body"

Rene Descartes

"I call back, therefore I am", Thought that human reasoning was the best way

Galileo

Halian scientist, observed moons moving around other planets with telescopes, Catholic, "And yet information technology moves", put on house arrest because his teachings went against the Catholic Church at the time, tried for heresy

Ptolemy

Greek astronomer, taught that the earth was the center of the universe

Ellipse

Oval- shaped orbit

Scientific Method

New approach to scientific discipline that emphasized observation and experimentation

1500s to 1600s

Flow of scientific revolution

Johannes Keppler

plant that planets don't motility in perfect circles

Francis Bacon

changed how science is conducted, stressed experiments and ascertainment

Steps of the Scientific Method

Problem, Get together Info, Hypothesis, Experiment, Collect Data/Clarify, Repeat

Robert Boyle

Determined that matter is made of basic building blocks, used temperature and force per unit area to determine how particles behave

Isaac Newton

scientist, laws of motility, gravity, developed Calculus, developed experiments with light to evidence color spectrum

Motion

Thought that nature tin can be explained with uniformed laws

Tycho Brahe

Danish astronomer, found evidence to support Copernicus

John Banister

English surgeon, dissected corpses to larn virtually anatomy

Ambrose Pare

French physician, introduced artificial limbs, came upward with an ointment to heal wounds and forbid infection

William Harvey

English scholar, described circulation of claret for the kickoff time, taught that the heart pumps blood to external areas of the trunk

Alchemy

Early on class of chemical science, thought that anything could be turned into another thing

Calculus

developed by Newton, used to prove gravity

Mathematics

All motion can be measured mathematically

What characteristic of the Renaissance does the quotation reflect?

"To it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills."—Pico della Mirandola, 1486

C. a spirit of gamble and marvel

Analyze the geographic locations of the Italian city-states. What part did merchandise play in the Renaissance?

D. wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance

How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism?

"Walk forwards in the radiance of the past."—Petrarch

B. Humanity progresses past building upon past noesis

Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in this painting by Leonardo da Vinci?
(The Concluding Supper)

B. perspective and realism

Which humanist ethics are most expressed in the sculpture David past Michelangelo?

D. emphasis on realistic anatomy and ancient Greek tradition

Which answer best summarizes the main idea of the quotation?

"How nosotros live is and so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to exist done rather than what is done volition larn the mode to his downfall rather than to his preservation."—Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince

A. A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic.

What event revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance?

B. Gutenberg invented a printing press with movable type.

What valid decision that can be drawn from the data in the table?

A. An unprecedented spread of information helped the Reformation grow.

In what manner does this passage and quotation describe a political upshot of humanism?

He called for a translation of the Christian Bible into the colloquial. He scorned those who ". . . don't want the holy scriptures to exist read in translation by the unlearned . . . as if the main strength of the Christian religion lay in people's ignorance of information technology. . . ."

D. It is a demand that biblical teachings be made widely attainable to the public in an understandable form.

Summarize the master idea of the quotation.

"The many great gardens of the world, of literature and poetry, of painting and music, of faith and compages, all brand the point as articulate as possible: The soul cannot thrive in the absence of a garden. If you don't want paradise, you lot are non human; and if you are not human, you don't accept a soul."—Thomas More

A. The arts, pedagogy, and spirituality make the states man.

How does Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, reflect fundamental literary themes common throughout the Renaissance?

C. It explores universal homo themes and portrays classical figures and subjects.

How does this engraving by the High german artist Albrecht Dürer expand upon the work washed past Italian Renaissance artists?

A. It blends anatomical realism with religious themes.

What prompted Martin Luther to take the actions described in the quotation?

"I have cast the dice. . . . I will not reconcile myself to them for all eternity. . . . Permit them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return I volition practice equally much for them. . . . Now I no longer fear, and I am publishing a book in the German language tongue well-nigh Christian reform, directed against the pope, in language as violent as if I were addressing the Antichrist."—Martin Luther, 1520

B. Luther'south rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant

Which characteristics belong in the Protestantism portion of the diagram?

B. priests tin marry, bible printed in the colloquial, no papal authority

Which factor enabled the key ideas of the Protestant Reformation to gain credence throughout northern Europe?

A. the printing press

Which thought differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?

D. belief in predestination

Which Protestant instruction addresses the chief thought of the passage?

"86. Again, "Why does non the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build this one basilica of St. Peter with his own money rather than with the money of poor believers?"—Martin Luther, 95 Theses

C. Churches should be unproblematic and plain rather than ornate and grand.

Which is the best example of a theocracy?

A. A government run by religious leaders.

Which statement belongs in the terminal box?
(encounter chart)

C. Religious conflict spreads beyond Europe, bringing an era of change and upheaval.

Clarify the map. Which region was the most religiously divided?

B. Holy Roman Empire

Identify the person responsible for bringing stability after the religious turmoil that resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church building of England.

D. Queen Elizabeth

The United States Capitol dome was inspired by the dome of the Pantheon, built in aboriginal Rome. Which Renaissance architect was likewise inspired by the Pantheon'south dome?

D. Michelangelo

What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal?

B. a heliocentric perspective

The Scientific Method was based on the idea that…

C. the truth could come only through investigation.

Which thinker is credited with establishing the bones principles of physics, including natural laws that govern gravity and move?

D. Isaac Newton

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Source: https://artscolumbia.org/hn-world-history-ch-10-the-renaissance-and-reformation-15445/

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