What Prompted Martin Luther to Take the Actions Described in the Quotation
Renaissance
"rebirth", new way of looking at the arts (new constitute interest), advances in fine art, applied science, compages, and literature
14th to 17th Century
When the Renaissance occurred
Medici Family
Supported art, influential family
Leonardo da Vinci
born 1452, Famous painter, wanted to see the earth in a new way, painted Mona Lisa, used autopsy
Humanism
Roman/Greek belief that learning would lead to a better life
Many artists were also…
Inventors, architects, and engineers
Religion/daily life/realistic
Religion was important, art portrayed daily life more accurately
Linear perspective
Used on 1D spaces to wait 3D
Shading
Helped create 3D await
Sistine Chapel
Painted by Michelangelo, completed in 1512
Human anatomy was studied by…
Artists, to make art more than realistic
Dissection
Leonardo da Vinci adept this to get a better feel for human beefcake
Life Size
Sculptures were created
Donatello
Most famous sculpture was a soldier mounted on a horse
Transition between:
Medieval and Modern Times
Pico della Mirandola
Italian thinker who captured the spirit of adventure and confidence and human abilities
Humanities
Written report of rhetoric, grammar, poesy, and history
Francesco Petrarch
humanist, had a library of Greek and Roman manuscripts, begetter of humanism, wrote Sonnets to Laura, used vernacular
When did the Renaissance begin in Italian republic?
mid 1300s, peak = 1500s
Trading contacts
Cities like Milan, Venice, Genoa, and Florence thrived bc of trade from Muslim world
Wealthy Merchants
Supported arts
Florence was a symbol of ___ _____________ _______________
the Italian Renaissance
Cosimo de Medici
Had control of Florence gov. in 1434
Lorenzo de Medici
Known as "The Magnificent", grandson of Cosimo, represented Renaissance ideal, patronized the arts
Filippo Brunelleschi
Known for the Duomo, studied Donatello's sculptures, created Dome that was inspired by the Pantheon
The Last Supper
Washed past Da Vinci, used perspective, pigment that decayed over time
Michelangelo
Sculptor/engineer/painter/ architect/poet, built-in in 1475, did sculptures: The Pieta, David, designed the Dome for St. Peter's
Raphael
Studied works of Da Vinci and Michelangelo, his paintings blended Christian and Classical styles, painted The School of Athens
Niccolo Machiavelli
wrote the Prince, described how to proceeds and maintain ability, stressed that the end justifies the means, used deceit in politics
Baldassare Castigilone
wrote The Volume of the Courtier, describes virtues and manners someone should possess
Where did the Due north. Renaissance brainstorm?
Flanders
Jan Van Eyek
Developed new ideas for using oil paints to produce stiff colors
Albrecht Durer
German painter and impress maker, known as the German Leonardo
Sir Thomas Moore
Friend of Erasmus, English humanist who pushed for social and economic reforms, executed for treason because he didn't accept Church of England
Pieter Bruegel
Flemish painter used vibrant colors to paint peasant life
Shakespeare
English poet and playwright
In Praise of Folly
Written past Erasmus, This used humor to explore the ignorant and immoral beliefs of people
Erasmus
Dutch humanist, became a priest in 1492, translated the Bible into vernacular, wrote In Praise of Folly, protested the selling of indulgences
Utopian
Describes any ideal gild
Gutenburg
Invented the printing press in mid 1439
Rabelais
French humanist/monk/dr./ Greek author, wrote in French vernacular
Johan Tetzel
In 1517, German priest who sold indulgences to rebuild St. Peter's
Leo X
"God has given the states the papacy, let usa enjoy information technology"
Martin Luther
German monk who equanimous 95 theses confronting Catholic Church, expelled from Church, believed he was a doomed sinner, rejected sacraments, permitted clergy to marry, idea that printing was God's highest act of grace, wanted Jews expelled from Christian lands
Indulgences
Pardon that lessons a soul'south time in purgatory
Luther argued that conservancy could exist gained through __________ alone.
Faith
Peace of Augsburg
This stated that the prince could decide which religion, Catholic or Lutheran, to follow
Predestination
Calvinist conventionalities that God has long agone adamant your salvation
John Knox
Started Presbyterian Church in Scotland
Lucas Cranach
Friend of Luther, court painter, painted portraits of Luther
John Hus
Follower of Wycliffe, A Czech priest who was burned at pale for heresy, believed Christians should be able to read the Bible in their own language, popular in Eastern Europe until his death
Reformation
A series of wars from 1500s- 1600s, Catholic Church attempted to combat corruption
Popes and Church building teachers led ____________ lives.
lavish
Charged fees to:
Get married or baptized
Sold Conservancy
Clergy members did this
John Calvin
taught "new ideas" abt Catholic Church, headed protestant sects, started the Calvinists
William Tyndale
translated Bible into English, opposed Henry's divorce of Catherine, executed
Jesuits
Founded schools and universities, helped poor
Thirty Years War
Devastated much of Frg in 1600s, killed 35- 40% of its people
John Wycliffe
Translated Bible into English language
1517
A total scale revolt erupted
Wittenberg, Germany
Where Luther posted his 95 theses at All Saints Church
Charles V
Summoned Luther to an assembly at Worms, Catherine of Aragon'south nephew
1524 Peasant's Revolt
Deutschland, demanded to serfdom, took up Protestant beliefs
Luther denounced ____________ ___________
social order (respect for political authorisation), nobles killed 100,000
Anabaptists
Believed only adults should be baptized, peaceful
Henry VIII'due south 1st wife
Catherine of Aragon, divorced (bc no son)
Henry VIII's second married woman
Anne Boleyn, beheaded
Henry VIII's third wife
Jane Seymour, died (during childbirth), had Edward
Henry Eight's 4th wife
Anne of Cleeves, divorced
Henry VIII's 5th wife
Catherine of Howard, beheaded
Henry VIII'due south 6th wife
Catherine Parr, survived
Henry VIII
Head of the Anglican Church, dismissed protestant views, had half dozen wives, declared anyone who accepted protestant to be burned at stake, acquired England to break from the church because he wanted a divorce
Council of Trent
Met on and off for 20 yrs., reaffirmed traditional Cosmic views
Pope Paul III
Leader of the Cosmic Reformation , strengthened inquisition
Ignatius of Loyola
Founder of Jesuits
Ghettos
Where the Jews lived in Venice
Teresa of Avila
Established a commune of strict nuns devoted to a simple life of isolation and prayer
Frances de Sales
Frenchman who brought many Protestants back to Catholicism
Book of Common Prayer
Written in English language, used by Anglican Church
Dissolution
The closing of monasteries and convents by Henry VIII, land was given to nobles
Edward Half dozen
Henry VIII'south only son, sickly, crowned at age 9, died at age 15
Act of Supremacy
Made Henry VIII the sole head of the Church of England
Thomas Crammer
Annulled Henry Viii'south union to Catherine of Aragon, supported reform, archbishop of Canterbury
The Church of England
Started by Parliament because of the king's request, immune Henry's divorce
Loyal Catholics…
Refused to take Henry as the new leader of the Church
Mary Tudor
Henry's second heir, devote Catholic, girl of Catherine of Aragon
Queen Elizabeth
Mary'south half sis, took throne after Mary, united the country, girl of Anne Boleyn, helped avert encarmine wars, replaced Latin as language of Anglican Services
Elizabethan Settlement
Modern reforms that resolved conflict between Protestants and Catholics
Henry Three
Catholic King of France, didn't similar Jews, Pope gave him the name "Defender of Faith" for denouncing Luther
Separation of Church and State
Anabaptist idea, religious tolerance
Baptists/ Amish/ Mennonites
Trace organized religion/ancestry to Anabaptists
Anglican Church
Headed by Pope, kept hierarchy of bishops/archbishops
Salvation was earned through __________ and _________ _________
religion, good works
Schools were established to…
claiming protestants
Guild of Jesus
Jesuits, spread Cosmic faith
Ignatius of Loyola
Headed Jesuits, was a missionary
Jews were required to wear a ____________ _____________
yellow badge
Pope Paul Four
Reversed lenient policy of Renaissance that restricted Jewish policies
Poland/ Lithuania/ Ottoman Empire
Where the Jews flocked to
Gravity
Single force that keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun
Hypothesis
A step in the scientific method, a possible caption
Anton Van Leewenhoek
Perfected the single- lens microscope, beginning to see bacteria/cells/microorganisms, founder of microbiology
Nicolaus Copernicus
Proposed a sun- centered model of the universe, (heliocentric), wrote On Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Andreas Vesalius
Came up with the get-go accurate and detailed written report of human being beefcake , published "On the Structure of the Human Body"
Rene Descartes
"I call back, therefore I am", Thought that human reasoning was the best way
Galileo
Halian scientist, observed moons moving around other planets with telescopes, Catholic, "And yet information technology moves", put on house arrest because his teachings went against the Catholic Church at the time, tried for heresy
Ptolemy
Greek astronomer, taught that the earth was the center of the universe
Ellipse
Oval- shaped orbit
Scientific Method
New approach to scientific discipline that emphasized observation and experimentation
1500s to 1600s
Flow of scientific revolution
Johannes Keppler
plant that planets don't motility in perfect circles
Francis Bacon
changed how science is conducted, stressed experiments and ascertainment
Steps of the Scientific Method
Problem, Get together Info, Hypothesis, Experiment, Collect Data/Clarify, Repeat
Robert Boyle
Determined that matter is made of basic building blocks, used temperature and force per unit area to determine how particles behave
Isaac Newton
scientist, laws of motility, gravity, developed Calculus, developed experiments with light to evidence color spectrum
Motion
Thought that nature tin can be explained with uniformed laws
Tycho Brahe
Danish astronomer, found evidence to support Copernicus
John Banister
English surgeon, dissected corpses to larn virtually anatomy
Ambrose Pare
French physician, introduced artificial limbs, came upward with an ointment to heal wounds and forbid infection
William Harvey
English scholar, described circulation of claret for the kickoff time, taught that the heart pumps blood to external areas of the trunk
Alchemy
Early on class of chemical science, thought that anything could be turned into another thing
Calculus
developed by Newton, used to prove gravity
Mathematics
All motion can be measured mathematically
What characteristic of the Renaissance does the quotation reflect?
"To it is granted to have whatever he chooses, to be whatever he wills."—Pico della Mirandola, 1486
C. a spirit of gamble and marvel
Analyze the geographic locations of the Italian city-states. What part did merchandise play in the Renaissance?
D. wealth from trade fueled the Renaissance
How does the quotation connect to the Renaissance principle of humanism?
"Walk forwards in the radiance of the past."—Petrarch
B. Humanity progresses past building upon past noesis
Which Renaissance artistic techniques are featured in this painting by Leonardo da Vinci?
(The Concluding Supper)
B. perspective and realism
Which humanist ethics are most expressed in the sculpture David past Michelangelo?
D. emphasis on realistic anatomy and ancient Greek tradition
Which answer best summarizes the main idea of the quotation?
"How nosotros live is and so different from how we ought to live that he who studies what ought to exist done rather than what is done volition larn the mode to his downfall rather than to his preservation."—Niccolò Machiavelli, The Prince
A. A successful ruler must be observant and practical, not idealistic.
What event revolutionized the way people accessed and consumed ideas and information during the Renaissance?
B. Gutenberg invented a printing press with movable type.
What valid decision that can be drawn from the data in the table?
A. An unprecedented spread of information helped the Reformation grow.
In what manner does this passage and quotation describe a political upshot of humanism?
He called for a translation of the Christian Bible into the colloquial. He scorned those who ". . . don't want the holy scriptures to exist read in translation by the unlearned . . . as if the main strength of the Christian religion lay in people's ignorance of information technology. . . ."
D. It is a demand that biblical teachings be made widely attainable to the public in an understandable form.
Summarize the master idea of the quotation.
"The many great gardens of the world, of literature and poetry, of painting and music, of faith and compages, all brand the point as articulate as possible: The soul cannot thrive in the absence of a garden. If you don't want paradise, you lot are non human; and if you are not human, you don't accept a soul."—Thomas More
A. The arts, pedagogy, and spirituality make the states man.
How does Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar, reflect fundamental literary themes common throughout the Renaissance?
C. It explores universal homo themes and portrays classical figures and subjects.
How does this engraving by the High german artist Albrecht Dürer expand upon the work washed past Italian Renaissance artists?
A. It blends anatomical realism with religious themes.
What prompted Martin Luther to take the actions described in the quotation?
"I have cast the dice. . . . I will not reconcile myself to them for all eternity. . . . Permit them condemn and burn all that belongs to me; in return I volition practice equally much for them. . . . Now I no longer fear, and I am publishing a book in the German language tongue well-nigh Christian reform, directed against the pope, in language as violent as if I were addressing the Antichrist."—Martin Luther, 1520
B. Luther'south rejection of papal authority and his refusal to recant
Which characteristics belong in the Protestantism portion of the diagram?
B. priests tin marry, bible printed in the colloquial, no papal authority
Which factor enabled the key ideas of the Protestant Reformation to gain credence throughout northern Europe?
A. the printing press
Which thought differentiates the Protestant doctrines of Calvinism and Lutheranism?
D. belief in predestination
Which Protestant instruction addresses the chief thought of the passage?
"86. Again, "Why does non the pope, whose wealth is today greater than the wealth of the richest Crassus, build this one basilica of St. Peter with his own money rather than with the money of poor believers?"—Martin Luther, 95 Theses
C. Churches should be unproblematic and plain rather than ornate and grand.
Which is the best example of a theocracy?
A. A government run by religious leaders.
Which statement belongs in the terminal box?
(encounter chart)
C. Religious conflict spreads beyond Europe, bringing an era of change and upheaval.
Clarify the map. Which region was the most religiously divided?
B. Holy Roman Empire
Identify the person responsible for bringing stability after the religious turmoil that resulted in the formation of the Anglican Church building of England.
D. Queen Elizabeth
The United States Capitol dome was inspired by the dome of the Pantheon, built in aboriginal Rome. Which Renaissance architect was likewise inspired by the Pantheon'south dome?
D. Michelangelo
What radical new perspective did Copernicus' drawing of the universe reveal?
B. a heliocentric perspective
The Scientific Method was based on the idea that…
C. the truth could come only through investigation.
Which thinker is credited with establishing the bones principles of physics, including natural laws that govern gravity and move?
D. Isaac Newton
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Source: https://artscolumbia.org/hn-world-history-ch-10-the-renaissance-and-reformation-15445/
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